reference:

installation

command completion

$ python -m pip completion --bash >> ~/.bashrc
  • or
    $ python -m pip completion --bash >> ~/.profile
  • or
    $ eval "`pip completion --bash`"

install from source code

[!NOTE|label:references:]

  • basic environment prepare

    # centos
$ sudo dnf groupinstall 'development tools'
$ sudo dnf install gcc openssl-devel bzip2-devel libffi-devel \
$ sudo dnf install expat-devel gdbm-devel ncurses-devel \
                   readline-devel sqlite-devel tk-devel xz-devel zlib-devel

# ubuntu
$ sudo apt install build-essential checkinstall pkg-config \
                   libexpat1-dev libncursesw5-dev libssl-dev \
                   libreadline8 libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev \
                   tk-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev libbz2-dev \
                   libnss3-dev zlib1g-dev

  • download source code

    $ curl -O https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.3/Python-3.8.3.tgz
$ tar xzf Python-3.8.3.tgz

# or
$ PYTHON_VERSION='3.12.2'
$ curl -fsSL https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/Python-${PYTHON_VERSION}.tgz |
  tar xzf - -C /opt/python &&
  cd /opt/python/Python-${PYTHON_VERSION}

  • compile and install

    [!NOTE|label:references:]

    $ ./configure --enable-optimizations \
              --enable-shared \                 # or export PYTHON_CONFIGURE_OPTS="--enable-shared"
              --with-lto \
              --with-system-expat \
              --with-ensurepip \
              --with-openssl=/usr/lib/ssl
$ sudo make -j "$(nproc)"
$ sudo make install

$ export PYTHON_HOME='/opt/python/Python-3.12.2'
# for libpython3.12.so.1.0
$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PYTHON_HOME:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

# check
$ which -a python3.12
/usr/local/bin/python3.12
$ python3 --version
Python 3.12.2

# upgrade pip
$ sudo -H /usr/local/bin/python3.12 -m pip install --upgrade pip
    python3.8.3
    $ cd Python-3.8.3
$ sudo ./configure --enable-optimizations
$ sudo make -j 12
$ sudo make altinstall

    • linker cache

      [!NOTE|label:references:]

      $ sudo ldconfig -v | grep python
        libpython3.so -> libpython3.so
        libpython3.6m.so.1.0 -> libpython3.6m.so.1.0

$ sudo ldconfig -v /opt/python/Python-3.12.2 | grep python
/opt/python/Python-3.12.2: (from <cmdline>:0)
        libpython3.so -> libpython3.so
        libpython3.12.so.1.0 -> libpython3.12.so.1.0
        libpython3.so -> libpython3.so
        libpython3.6m.so.1.0 -> libpython3.6m.so.1.0

  • setup

    $ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/local/bin/python3.8 99

environment in MacOS

pip.conf

pip.conf load priority

  • MacOS : /Library/Application Support/pip/pip.conf > ~/.config/pip/pip.conf > ~/.pip/pip.conf

  • user: ~/.pip/pip.conf & ~/.config/pip/pip.conf
  • global: /Library/Application Support/pip/pip.conf

  • list config:

    $ pip config list [ -v ]
global.index-url='https://artifactory.sample.com/artifactory/api/pypi/tools/simple'
    • details
      $ pip config list -v
For variant 'global', will try loading '/Library/Application Support/pip/pip.conf'
For variant 'user', will try loading '/Users/marslo/.pip/pip.conf'
For variant 'user', will try loading '/Users/marslo/.config/pip/pip.conf'
For variant 'site', will try loading '/usr/local/opt/python@3.10/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/pip.conf'
global.extra-index-url='https://artifactory.sample.com/artifactory/api/pypi/myPrivate'
global.index-url='https://artifactory.sample.com/artifactory/api/pypi/pypi/simple'

  • PIP_CONF_FILE

    $ export PIP_CONFIG_FILE=/path/to/pip.conf

  • upgrade all outdated modules

    $ pip install --upgrade --user $(pip list --outdated | sed 1,2d | awk '{print $1}' | xargs)
    • with exclude
      $ pip3.9 install --upgrade --user $(pip3.9 list --outdated | sed 1,2d | awk '{print $1}' | grep -vw 'docker\|rich')

pip config file

  • naming

    [global]
timeout = 60
index-url = https://download.zope.org/ppix

  • per-command section

    [global]
timeout = 60

[freeze]
timeout = 10

  • boolean options

    [install]
ignore-installed = true
no-dependencies = yes

    • add

      [global]
no-cache-dir = false

[install]
no-compile = no
no-warn-script-location = false

  • repeatable options

    [global]
quiet = 0
verbose = 2

  • format: on multiple lines

    [global]
find-links =
    http://download.example.com

[install]
find-links =
    http://mirror1.example.com
    http://mirror2.example.com

trusted-host =
    mirror1.example.com
    mirror2.example.com

list python path

$ python -vv -c "import sys; print sys.path"
$ python -vvE -c "import sys; print sys.path"
$ python -vvEsS -c "import sys; print sys.path"

python libs

MacOS

  • global

    $ ls -ld /usr/local/lib/python*/
drwxr-xr-x 3 marslo admin 96 May 17  2019 /usr/local/lib/python2.7/
drwxr-xr-x 3 marslo admin 96 May 17  2019 /usr/local/lib/python3.7/
drwxr-xr-x 3 marslo admin 96 Jan 13  2020 /usr/local/lib/python3.8/
drwxr-xr-x 3 marslo admin 96 Oct 10 17:06 /usr/local/lib/python3.9/

$ ls -ld /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/
drwxr-xr-x 9 root wheel 288 Aug  6 18:16 /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/

    • or

        $ ls $(brew --prefix)/lib/python*
  /usr/local/lib/python2.7:
  site-packages

  /usr/local/lib/python3.7:
  site-packages

  /usr/local/lib/python3.8:
  site-packages

  /usr/local/lib/python3.9:
  site-packages

  • local

    $ ls -ld ~/Library/Python/*/
drwx------ 4 marslo staff 128 Aug  6 17:23 /Users/marslo/Library/Python/2.7/
drwx------ 5 marslo staff 160 Oct 12 21:17 /Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.7/
drwx------ 5 marslo staff 160 Oct 27 19:24 /Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.8/
drwx------ 5 marslo staff 160 Oct 27 19:24 /Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.9/

    • example:

      $ /usr/bin/python -c 'import site; print(site.USER_BASE)'
/Users/marslo/Library/Python/2.7

$ /usr/local/bin/python3.9 -c 'import site; print(site.USER_BASE)'
/Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.9

$ /usr/local/bin/python3.6 -c 'import sysconfig; print(sysconfig.get_paths()["purelib"])'
/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages

linux

references:

$ /usr/local/bin/python3.6 -m site --user-site
/home/marslo/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages

$ /usr/local/bin/python3.6 -c 'import site; print(site.getsitepackages())'
['/usr/local/lib64/python3.6/site-packages', '/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages', '/usr/lib64/python3.6/site-packages', '/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages']

$ python3.6 -m site
sys.path = [
    '/home/marslo',
    '/usr/lib64/python36.zip',
    '/usr/lib64/python3.6',
    '/usr/lib64/python3.6/lib-dynload',
    '/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages',
    '/usr/lib64/python3.6/site-packages',
    '/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages',
]
USER_BASE: '/home/marslo/.local' (exists)
USER_SITE: '/home/marslo/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages' (doesn't exist)
ENABLE_USER_SITE: True

  • check particular lib

    $ python -c "import os as _; print(_.__file__)"
/usr/lib64/python3.6/os.py

$ python -c "import setuptools as _; print(_.__path__)"
['/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/setuptools']

multiple versions

get current working version

$ CFLAGS=-I$(brew --prefix)/include LDFLAGS=-L$(brew --prefix)/lib pip --version
pip 20.2.4 from /Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.8/lib/python/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)
  • or
    $ $(brew --prefix)/opt/python/libexec/bin/python -V
Python 3.8.6

upgrade particular modules

$ sudo -H python3.9 -m pip install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip
  Using cached pip-20.2.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.5 MB)
Installing collected packages: pip
  Attempting uninstall: pip
    Found existing installation: pip 20.2.3
    Uninstalling pip-20.2.3:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-20.2.3
Successfully installed pip-20.2.4
  • upgrade to previous version
    $ pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir --pre pip

install all older version modules

$ /usr/local/bin/python3.8 -m pip freeze > pip3.8-requirements.txt
$ sudo -H /usr/local/bin/python3.9 -m pip install --pre -r pip3.8-requirements.txt

  • reference:

    $ CFLAGS=-I$(brew --prefix)/include LDFLAGS=-L$(brew --prefix)/lib pip freeze
beautifulsoup4==4.9.1
certifi==2020.6.20
cffi==1.14.1
chardet==3.0.4
click==7.1.2
click-config-file==0.6.0
colorama==0.4.3
...

    • or

      $ pip list --outdate --format=freeze
docker==4.2.2
rich==3.0.5

$ pip list -o --format columns
Package Version Latest Type
------- ------- ------ -----
docker  4.2.2   4.3.1  wheel
rich    3.0.5   9.1.0  whee

$ pip list --outdate --format=json
[{"name": "docker", "version": "4.2.2", "latest_version": "4.3.1", "latest_filetype": "wheel"}, {"name": "rich", "version": "3.0.5", "latest_version": "9.1.0", "latest_filetype": "wheel"}]

version change

change default python from 3.9 to 3.10

setup default python

  • via ln

    $ unlink /usr/local/opt/python
$ ln -sf /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.10/3.10.4 /usr/local/opt/python

$ unlink /usr/local/bin/python
$ ln -sf /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.10/3.10.4/bin/python3.10 /usr/local/bin/python3
$ ln -sf /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.10/3.10.4/bin/python3.10 /usr/local/bin/python

$ export PYTHONUSERBASE="$(/usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin/python -c 'import site; print(site.USER_BASE)')"
$ export PYTHON3='/usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin'
$ export PATH="$PYTHONUSERBASE/bin:${PYTHON3}:$PATH"

  • via brew link

    $ brew link python3 python@3.10 --overwrite

    • example

      $ python3 --version
Python 3.9.13

$ brew link python3 python@3.10 --overwrite
Warning: Already linked: /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.9/3.9.13_1
To relink, run:
  brew unlink python@3.9 && brew link python@3.9
Linking /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.10/3.10.4... 24 symlinks created.

If you need to have this software first in your PATH instead consider running:
  echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/python@3.10/bin:$PATH"' >> /Users/marslo/.bash_profile

$ python3 --version
Python 3.10.4

  • via default

    $ defaults write com.apple.versioner.python Version 3.8
    • get default version
      $ defaults read com.apple.versioner.python Version

    • example

      $ defaults read com.apple.versioner.python Version
3.9

$ defaults write com.apple.versioner.python Version 3.10

$ defaults read com.apple.versioner.python Version
3.10

modules re-installation

$ /usr/local/bin/python3.9 -m pip freeze > pip3.9-requirements.txt
$ sudo -H /usr/local/bin/python3.10 -m pip install --pre -r pip3.9-requirements.txt

PYTHONPATH

$ export PYTHONPATH="/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages"
    ⇣⇣
$ export PYTHONPATH="/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages"

extension

clear windows

  • download
    $ curl -o /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/idlelib/ClearWindow.py https://bugs.python.org/file14303/ClearWindow.py

  • configure

    $ cat >> /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/idlelib/config-extensions.def < EOF

[ClearWindow]

enable=1
enable_editor=0
enable_shell=1
[ClearWindow_cfgBindings]
clear-window=<Command-Key-l>
EOF

python IDLE in MacOS Big Sur

IDLE quit unexpectedly

Process:               Python [53851]
Path:                  /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.9/3.9.1_5/IDLE 3.app/Contents/MacOS/Python
Identifier:            org.python.IDLE
Version:               3.9.1 (3.9.1)
Code Type:             X86-64 (Native)
Parent Process:        ??? [1]
Responsible:           Python [53851]
User ID:               501

Date/Time:             2021-01-10 15:20:06.574 +0800
OS Version:            macOS 11.1 (20C69)
Report Version:        12
Bridge OS Version:     5.1 (18P3030)
Anonymous UUID:        AB6EE819-0314-4161-9650-FFE340DF84C8

Application Specific Information:
abort() called
...

  • root cause

    $ python
Python 3.9.1 (default, Jan  6 2021, 06:05:23)
[Clang 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.28)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tkinter as tk
>>> print(tk.Tcl().eval('info patchlevel'))
8.5.9
>>> exit()

  • using https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.1/python-3.9.1-macosx10.9.pkg

    $ brew info tcl-tk | head -1
tcl-tk: stable 8.6.11 (bottled) [keg-only]

$ python
Python 3.9.1 (v3.9.1:1e5d33e9b9, Dec  7 2020, 12:10:52)
[Clang 6.0 (clang-600.0.57)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information.
>>> import tkinter as tk
>>> print(tk.Tcl().eval('info patchlevel'))
8.6.8
    idle in mac big sur
    1.9.2.1.1 -- idle in mac big sur

  • more on tkinter

    >>> import tkinter
>>> tkinter.TclVersion, tkinter.TkVersion
(8.5, 8.5)
>>> tkinter._tester()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: module 'tkinter' has no attribute '_tester'
>>> tkinter._test()
macOS 11 or later required !
Abort trap: 6

Python may not be configured for Tk

$ python
Python 3.10.4 (main, Apr 26 2022, 19:42:59) [Clang 13.1.6 (clang-1316.0.21.2)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tkinter as tk
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@3.10/3.10.4/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/tkinter/__init__.py", line 37, in <module>
    import _tkinter # If this fails your Python may not be configured for Tk
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_tkinter'

  • solution

    $ brew info python@3.10
python@3.10: stable 3.10.4 (bottled) [keg-only]
... ...
tkinter is no longer included with this formula, but it is available separately:
  brew install python-tk@3.10
... ...

$ brew install python-tk@3.10
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/python-tk/3.10/manifests/3.10.4
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/python-tk/3.10/blobs/sha256:6a937be1fd531589ef7f9b4d971cb91ee7549d99f7f1aaf97f0fc3c0911f1c5d
==> Downloading from https://pkg-containers.githubusercontent.com/ghcr1/blobs/sha256:6a937be1fd531589ef7f9b4d971cb91ee7549d99f7f1aaf97f0fc3c0911f1c5d?s
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring python-tk@3.10--3.10.4.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
python-tk@3.10 is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because this is an alternate version of another formula.

==> Summary
☕️ 🐸  /usr/local/Cellar/python-tk@3.10/3.10.4: 5 files, 132.6KB
==> Running `brew cleanup python-tk@3.10`...
Disable this behaviour by setting HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_CLEANUP.
Hide these hints with HOMEBREW_NO_ENV_HINTS (see `man brew`).

$ brew reinstall python@3.10
... ...
Copyright © marslo 2020-2023 all right reserved，powered by GitbookLast Modified: 2024-03-12 15:01:28

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